HTML5 Web Workers
Web Workers open up the web client to message-passing-style programming. Getting this into HTML5 is the first step toward taking Erlang's robust parallelism to the web.
People keep asking me what needs to happen to get the CouchDB spark into the web. I think the #1 most important thing is making sure Web Workers are available on every platform.
Web Workers open up message passing APIs to the client-side. I think we'll get a bunch of really cool services running inside Web Workers. The main benefit is simplicity. Message passing APIs make it easier to reason about certain kinds of JavaScript library functions.
Practically any one of the existing browser based storage implementations can be made to support a CouchDB instance. The job becomes a lot simpler when wrapped inside a web worker instance.
There are other applications, from gaming to graphics to crypto, that benefit from Web Workers.